'Tape Hiss' (2021), emphasises the sound of the hiss on a blank audio cassette tape. By emphasising the determined sound of the medium in the absence of any sound recorded upon it, the piece highlights instead, effects of indeterminacy in the form of dust particles on the surface of the tape film.

Like John Cage’s (1912-1992) silent composition '4’:33”' (1952), the sounds present within the piece already exist,

with 'Tape Hiss' acting as the framing device through which to experience the effects of indeterminacy. By way of visual analogy, however, the piece extends the principles derived from '4’:33”' by revealing the materiality of the medium itself. 'Tape Hiss', essentially makes audible the noise floor of the medium generated by the magnetic particles that coat the tape passing over the tape head.